Glossary of art terms
Use the alphabetical index to find the art term you are interested in:
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Select a term from the list:
Abstractionism
Acrylic paint, acrylic
Airbrush
Airbrush
Anti-art
Aquatint
Art brut, outsider art
Artist
Assembly
Avant-garde
Abstractionism - Odernist movement in the art of the 20th century, which fundamentally abandoned the depiction of real objects in painting, sculpture and graphics.
Works of abstract art are based exclusively on formal elements: line, color spot, abstract configuration. There are geometric and lyrical abstractionism.
Abstractionism
Gegenstandslose kunst
lat.Abstractus - abstract
Acrylic paint, acrylic - A synthetic dye, first used in the 1940s, combining the properties of oil and watercolor. It can be used to obtain different effects - from transparent washes to impasto strokes.
Airbrush - Technique of painting with an airbrush using a stencil. Airbrush is used: - in decorating ceramics; - in painting fabrics and theatrical scenery; - in book graphics; - in the production of large format posters. Stencil for airbrush: - made in the form of a plate of lead foil or cardboard with holes reproducing the design; and - placed on the surface of the object.
Airbrush - A device for finely spraying paint with compressed air when applying it to paper, fabric, etc. A. of various sizes and designs is used for painting fabrics, in the manufacture of theatrical scenery and large-format wall posters, for retouching photographic negatives, photographic prints and illustrations, etc.
Anti-art - It is believed that this term, denoting new revolutionary forms of art, was first used around 1914 by Marcel Duchamp. An example of anti-art is the obscene inscription he made and the mustache he added to the reproduction of the Mona Lisa painting by Leonardo before Vinci. The term also includes most of the anarchist experiments of the Dadaists. Subsequently, the term was used by conceptualists of the 1960s to designate the work of artists who abandoned traditional art practice, or at least, the creation of works intended for sale. John Baldessari's exhibition, which displayed the ashes of burned canvases, was perceived as a typical manifestation of anti-art.
Aquatint - Invented in France in the mid-18th century for reproducing tonal ink drawings in engraving. With this technique, a heated board is evenly coated with a resinous powder, the individual grains of which stick to the warm metal and to each other. During etching, the acid penetrates only into the pores between the powder particles, leaving a mark on the board in the form of a mass of individual pinpoint depressions. Those places that should be darker on the print are etched longer; after a short etching, light areas are covered with liquid varnish. Aquatint produces from 500 to 1000 prints.
Art brut, outsider art - The French term Art Brut, coined by Jean Dubuffet, translates as rough art, but is often applied to outsider art. It is used to refer to art created by non-professional authors, but associated with the artistic environment - children, the mentally ill or criminals (Alfred Wallis, Adolf Wölfli). It is sometimes believed that such art is more authentic and more directly expressive of feelings than many museum pieces.
Artist - A specialist in one or more types of (fine) art, possessing: creative talent, professional education and training, ethical and aesthetic views reflected in the artist’s worldview
Assembly - The incorporation of three-dimensional non-art materials and found objects into a work of art, originating in the technique of collage. The assemblage has its roots in the art of the early 20th century, when Pablo Picasso began using real objects in Kufist designs—for example, adding a real spoon to his witty sculpture Shot of Absinthe. One of the earliest and most famous examples of assemblage was a bicycle wheel on a stool by Marcel Duchamp, which he called the readymade. Later, the Dadaists and surrealists built their art on amazing comparisons of unrelated objects and images. The assemblage technique became especially popular in the late 1950s, when artists such as Armand and Jim Dine widely incorporated extraneous materials, including food and various waste materials, into painting and sculpture. The spread of assemblage in the 20th century testifies to the growth of rebellious sentiments in relation to traditional art techniques.
Avant-garde - A set of experimental, modernist, emphatically unusual, exploratory endeavors in the art of the 20th century.
Avant-garde movements are: fauvism, cubism, futurism, expressionism, abstract art, surrealism, actionism, pop art, conceptual art.
French Avant-garde - advanced detachment
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